====== ====== ====== Emergency Signal Devices ====== \\ [[:guy_wilding_rescue|Guy Wilding's Broken Paddle 2011 Oahu]] take communication and signaling devices, you may not be as lucky as Guy was.\\ * [[:plb_vhf_gps_discussion_feb_2015|Options - Whatcom Paddler Discussion 2/10/2015]] * [[:stories:rescue_comm|Discussion after Bellingham Bay Rescue 12/12/2022]] * … ---- ===== VHF Radios ===== VHF radio transmissions are monitored by ships worldwide. Additional support is provided in the USA by a network of powerful coastal and major inland waterway receivers. ==== Discussion ==== * [[:stories:monday_madness_12_11_2006#radio_use_in_big_conditions|Radio Use in Big Conditions (Monday Madness) 2006]] * [[:vhf_radios_dsc_2013|VHF Radio Selection & DSC Use 2013]] * [[:stories:heavy_weather_9_28_2013|2013 Bellingham Bay Incident w/ Radio Used - Discussion]] * [[:vhf_dhc_2017|VHF Radios, DSC, Radio Use, etc. 2017]] * [[:vhf_discussion_2020|Another VHF Option Discussion 1/06/2020]] * [[:stories:safe_happy_water#on_water_hands_use_position|Freeing Your Hands to Use Signal Devices 1/06/2020]] * [[:radio_discussions|Additional Online Discussion Search]] ==== Use ==== * **How To Use** * [[https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=mtBoater|USA Coast Guard Use Instructions]] * [[https://youtu.be/1JHUykLStVg|Video - Emergency Paddler Protocol Interview]] * [[https://www.paddlinglight.com/articles/how-to-call-mayday/|How to Call Mayday]] * **Test** how you are going to wear and use your radio. Make sure it is secure and easily accessible on the water. If you wear it on the front of your PFD make sure it does not interfere with your remounts * **Discussion** * [[:carry_vhf_radios|Where to Carry VHF Radios 2016]] * [[:carry_vhf_radios2#where_to_carry_radios_plbs|Where to Carry VHF or PLBs 2024]] * **Clearing water** from the mic - some radios have a vibrate function/button that will vibrate the radio to help clear water that can interfere with the understandability of your voice via a wet mic. * **Practice** - can you effectively use it? * Canada has a required 2 day course before you can legally use VHF * [[:vhf_radio_squelch|Don't keep squelch too high]] * These radios can be used to call fellow paddlers independent of any local rescue entities that may be or may not be reachable via VHF. But they will be of little use to your paddling partners if you do not **turn yours on** at the beginning of your paddle outing. * **If You Get Out of Trouble (you're out of danger and sure you are in good physical shape) BEFORE**** help gets to you, Call Them And LET THEM KNOW THEIR HELP IS NO LONGER NEEDED! **Otherwise people will keep searching for you! * **Training** * if you want to increase your competence and confidence in your ability to use your VHF, consider taking and completing a course. * [[https://www.boatingeducation.org.nz/courses/3/maritime-vhf-operator-certificate/|New Zealand Boating Ed VHF]] Certification approx. 30 hrs (both in-person and online options) * [[https://www.boatus.org/marine-radio/|BoatUS Foundation]] * FCC MROP – Marine Radio Operator Permit (MP) – Element 1 Online Course and Exam * [[https://inarte.org/fcc-licensing-exams/marine-radio-operator-permit/|iNARTE]] * [[https://www.marinerslearningsystem.com/mrop-marine-radio-operator-permit-mp-online-course-test-bundle.html|Marine Learning System]] * **Line of sight** - effective limitation of VHF radio communication range on water (maybe only a couple of miles from surfski to surfski). But coastal radio rescue networks or ships may pick up signals from a greater distance. * [[https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=mtNds|US Coast Guard Distress Network Coverage]] these maps assume your signal is 2 meters above water level - the reception of your signal from a surfski may not reach as far although sometimes reception occurs over surprisingly longer distances. * [[https://www.kbbi.org/post/coast-guard-unable-monitor-vhf-channel-16-new-contractors-hired-repair#stream/0|Alaska Network Disrepair]] * Channel 16 is the internationally reserved channel for distress calls * **Additional US information** * [[https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=apps18|Homeland Security VHF Navigation Reference]] * [[http://continuouswave.com/whaler/reference/Rescue21Stations.html|Rescue 21]] ==== DSC ==== * **[[https://www.boatus.com/magazine/2015/december/setting-up-a-vhf-radio-with-dsc.asp|DSC]] Digital Selective Calling **- automatic broadcast of your GPS location (another reason to turn radio on at beginning of paddle - it can take a minute or two for radio to initially lock on GPS satellites) * **Registration** (getting MMSI numbers for handhelds in foreign countries seems sometimes a bit unclear or confusing on some websites. It may be that some foreign countries require a license for recreational paddlers just as they do for ship/boat owners with radios) * Requires **MMSI** (Maritime Mobile Service Identity) a nine-digit number, to identify ship (and other maritime radio) stations and DSC radio equipment * **Australia **- [[https://www.amsa.gov.au/mmsi|MMSI and how to apply for one]] * **Canadians - **can obtain MMSIs from [[https://tc.canada.ca/en/marine-transportation/marine-safety/frequently-asked-questions|Industry Canada / Industrie Canada]] * **Europe **The use of DSC (VHF Ch. 70) is in most countries restricted to coastal waters and DSC transmissions should not be made when navigating the inland waterways. * **France ** [[https://www.boatnews.com/story/35804/what-is-the-procedure-for-obtaining-an-mmsi#:~:text=ANFR, the MMSI manager in France&text=The procedure for assigning this,subsequently, obtaining an MMSI number.|ANFR]] * **Germany ** [[https://www.bsh.de/SiteGlobals/Forms/Suche/Servicesuche_Formular.html;jsessionid=B6CA82DFEF5FBCF924E061ED3AB41CCB.live11291?nn=1651716&resourceId=1651764&input_=1651716&pageLocale=de&templateQueryString=MMSI&submit.x=0&submit.y=0|BSH]] ? * **UK ** [[https://ofcomlive.my.site.com/licensingcomlogin|ofcom licensing]] create login and follow to option for registering MMSI for handheld radio? * **Sweden ** [[https://www.pts.se/sv/privat/radio/radiotillstand/maritim-radio/batradio-vhf/|PTS]] * **New Zealand ** * [[https://www.linz.govt.nz/sites/default/files/cust/hydro_almanac_ANTM-4C_202223.pdf|Coverage in New Zealand]] * [[https://www.boatingeducation.org.nz/marine-vhf-radio-call-signs/|Acquiring an MMSI #]] * **South Africa** * //[[https://recent-radio.co.za/how-to-obtain-an-mmsi-number/|recent radio]]// instructions to acquire MMSI * **USA** If your plans include travels to foreign ports (including Mexico, the Bahamas, and, yes, Canada), you'll need to [[https://www.fcc.gov/bureau-divisions/mobility-division/ship-radio-stations|get a Ship Station license and MMSI from the FCC.]][[https://transition.fcc.gov/Forms/Form605/605.html|https://transition.fcc.gov/Forms/Form605/605.html]] Mariners not required to carry a marine radio (e.g. recreational boaters) and who remain in U.S. waters can obtain an MMSI through approved organizations such as [[http://www.boatus.com/mmsi/|BOAT US]] 1-800-563-1536 ($25), [[http://www.usps.org/php/mmsi/home.php|U.S. Power Squadron]] (free/donation), and [[http://www.shinemicro.com/AboutMMSI.asp|Shine Micro]] ($25 per MMSI for handhelds). * You can register an MMSI for a handheld radio without assigning it to a vessel (which would make perfect sense if you use your handheld with more than one boat), but some USA sites that provide MMSI #s do not make this obvious or even possible. Of the sources listed above, only Shine Micro seems to make it obvious how one can get an MMSI for a handheld that is not assigned to a specific vessel. * [[http://continuouswave.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=3136|ContinuousWave discussion of DSC Worth for Kayakers 2018]] * [[:dsc_test_calls|DSC Test Calls]] * [[:vhf_us_canada|Using in US AND Canada]] * **Rescue Stories** * [[:stories:unexpected_consequences|DSC Use During Incident Seattle (Shilshole to Edmonds paddle) 2014]] * [[:stories:coastguard_rescue_12_11_2022|12/11/2022 Bellingham Bay Rescue Using DSC]] ==== Maintenance ==== * **Charge** - the better VHF radios have good battery lives. But you should always check your level of charge before outings. * **Extra Batteries** - you may want to use a radio for which you can swap in extra batteries, particularly if you will be camping or not be able to recharge your radio. * **Salt water/Corrosion** - as with all of your metallic gear, if you paddle in salt water: * You can use a waterproof case - make sure sound works well through the case - they can make it easier to mount your radio where and how you want to. Make sure your radio fits the case you are considering. * [[https://aquapac.net/collections/bestsellers/products/vhf-classic-case-large-248|Aquapac]] * [[https://www.volaresports.com/products/waterproof-vhf-radio-case|Volare]] * [[https://www.over-board.com/products/pro-vhf-case-black?variant=28190758862934¤cy=USD&gad_source=1|Overboard]] * rinse them off with fresh water afterwards if they got wet during your paddle * some use "[[https://www.amazon.com/Salt-Away-Salt-Remover-Spray-Fl/dp/B003HFZ5PA/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_product_top?ie=UTF8|Salt Away]]" to remove recent salt stains and protect against further accumulation. But don't expect it to remove long standing salt deposits/rust * corrosion - use dielectric grease on charging/conducting elements * [[:vhf_corrosion|VHF]][[:vhf_corrosion| Corrosion Discussion]] * **Galvanic ****Corrosion** * Periodically you may notice that your battery will not charge, or your radio will not turn on even though you know you have a charged battery (tested in a separate radio?). * **Not Charging** - remove galvanic corrosion from conducting points in charger and radio then apply dielectric grease on those conducting points * **Radio Won't Turn On **- remove galvanic corrosion - both on battery contacts and radio battery compartment contacts, once radio is working again apply dielectric grease on conducting points in radio and on battery * **Removing Corrosion** you can abrade the contact points or clean them either with baking soda or vinegar (there a multiple youtube videos on this) //But abrading//// the contact points repeatedly over a long period of time may reduce the strength and reliability of contact, so ultimately using dielectric grease is the better long term solution as soon as you have contacts that are working// * **"Waterproofness"** - the weak point on some VHF radios can be the covering over charge ports (make sure they are completely closed and if you need to - cover the closure with tape). Trouble has been reported with some models that have a cover (possibly due to forgetting to make sure the cover is on correctly). Some models like the Horizon HX40 have solid exposed pins for charging which may provide a more reliable water tight seal but is still subject to corrosion. * See [[:waterproof_ratings|Electronics water resistance ratings]] * Sealed charging pins will lose their connection over time for charging due to corrosion on the radio pins and/or the connections in the charging cradle. See Galvanic Corrosion in section above. Cradle replacements can be expensive but **another alternative** is to use the rechargeable battery pack that some manufacturers like Horizon include with your radio. Typically the AAA batteries you use in such a pack will not hold as much charge as the original single battery, but you should easily be able to keep fully charged batteries of this type ready to go with your radio. Some boaters have solved this charging corrosion problem by **keeping an extra radio** that does not go in the water exclusively for charging their batteries. They pull the charged batteries from their charging radio and put them into their on-water use radio. * **Jeff Hegedus **11/06/11 #11683 "I rinsed my IPX7 rated waterproof handheld after every paddle, and the two copper electrodes between the gasketed snap-in rechargeable battery pack and the main unit still fully corroded (they are spring loaded for a good connection, and the spring failed). Its something that you wouldn't normally notice until failure occurs; I had it serviced, and now keep the radio in a dry bag when in my pfd pocket. The dry bags can be purchased at West Marine. Handhelds are not really designed for daily immersion, but rather for boaters that occasionally get them wet…" * **Followup 2012 \\ Caution: Toasted VHF Radio \\ Jeff Hegedus** 10/14/12 #13446 GEAR CHECK TIME. Crap, my waterproof IPX7 rated VHF radio, always carried in a dry bag in my PFD pocket, was destroyed. The dry bag had a pin hole leak; I end each paddle with a swim, and the bag stored the unit in water. The bag was three years old and had a ton of wear, not its fault. The radio is not designed for continuous immersion, not its fault. Glad I checked. ==== Brands ==== * [[https://www.standardhorizon.com/?cmd=DisplayProducts&DivisionID=3&ProdCatID=85|Horizon]] * [[http://www.icomamerica.com/en/marine/|Icom]] * [[https://www.garmin.com/en-US/search/?query=vhf handheld|Garmin]] * [[https://uniden.com/collections/marine-radio-fixed-mount-handheld/handheld|Uniden]] * … ---- ===== Locator Beacons ===== * **EPIRB** - Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon * [[:epirb|Purpose and are they adequate for near shore trips]] * **PLBs **- Personal Locator Beacon - need to be kept above water where they can receive GPS and send to satellites (somewhere high on lifejacket like on a shoulder strap, not in pocket) * [[https://www.outdoorgearlab.com/topics/camping-and-hiking/best-personal-locator-beacon/buying-advice|Outdoor Gear Lab Explanation and Review]] * [[https://www.surfski.info/latest-news/story/1608/personal-locator-beacons-and-surfski-paddlers.html|Surfski.info Review 11/29/2017]] * [[https://www.findmespot.com/en-us/products-services/spot-gen3#tech-specs|Spot]] * [[https://www.seasofsolutions.com/products/fastfind-rls-plb/|FastFind]] (confirms the signal has been received by SAR authorities with a blue flashing light) * [[https://www.nautiluslifeline.com/|Nautilus Lifeline]] * **Surfski Rescues w/ PLBs** * [[https://www.acrartex.com/survivor-stories/stranded-at-sea-solo-surfski-adventure-turns-into-rescue-mission/|Brisbane Australia (Victoria Pt. - Wellington Pt.) Rescue 9/13/2024]] * [[https://surfski.wiki/stories/maui_rescue_plb|Maui (Maliko Run) Rescue PLB 9/10.2020]] * [[https://www.surfski.info/latest-news/story/1685/plb-to-the-rescue.html|Scotland (Miro Run) PLB Rescue 3/14/2019]] * [[:stories:plbs|Whatcom Paddler Discussion 12/15/2022]] * **Ocean Signal rescueME PLB1 **- needs to be programmed for the area where it will be used * Online - [[https://www.amazon.com/RESCUEME-PLB1-PERSONAL-LOCATOR-BEACON/dp/B07TXQYTTN/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=Ocean+Signal+rescueME+PLB1&qid=1607492139&sr=8-1|US]] ; [[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B00CE8R770/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=B00CE8R770&linkCode=as2&tag=surfski06-21&linkId=3c9371b5026732b765f57ce831c8ef8a|UK]] ; [[https://www.globalmarine.co.za/online-store/Ocean-Signal-rescueME-PLB1-p114603604|SA ]] * [[https://oceansignal.com/stockists/|Outlet List]] * … ---- ===== Resources ===== * [[http://continuouswave.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=13|ContinuousWave VHF Discussion Forums]]